Chapter 18 – Male Sexual Dysfunction, Prostate Disease and Testicular Lumps
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Erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common condition affecting 1 in 5 men over the age of 40 years.(1) Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and/or maintain a penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual activity and intercourse. It may affect physical and psychosocial health, and may have a significant impact on the quality of life (QoL) of sufferers and their partners.
There are multiple causes for erectile dysfunction, and often more than one factor may be present in any one individual.
Factors that can be important in relation to ED include:
cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, medications used to manage hypertension, dyslipidaemias, diabetes types 1 and 2, coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) endocrine factors such as thyroid disease, adrenal disease, hyperprolactinaemia, hypogonadism (primary and secondary) neurological disease such as cerebral disease, spinal disease, multiple sclerosis, autonomic neuropathy other medical conditions such as renal insufficiency, chronic liver disease, respiratory disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sleep apnoea) local penile factors such as cavernous myopathy and fibrosis, Peyronie’s disease, post traumatic (pelvic fracture, perineal trauma, spinal cord or cerebral trauma) lifestyle factors such as high stress with increased sympathetic tone, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking, alcohol, recreational drug use psychogenic factors ... Buy now