Lichen planus causes typical smooth, shiny flat-topped purple papules on the skin and non-specific erosions on mucous membranes. Erosions may be limited to (or alternate between) the vaginal or oral cavity. Lichen planus is probably the major cause of chronic erosive vulvitis.
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Clinical presentation
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Diagnosis
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Management
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1.
Madhivanan P, Krupp K, Chandrasekaran V, Karat C, Arun A, Cohen CR, et al. Prevalence and correlates of Bacterial Vaginosis among young women of reproductive age in Mysore, India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2008; 26(2):132-7.
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2.
Forcey D, Vodstrcil LA, Hocking JS, Fairley CK, Law M, McNair RP, et al. Factors associated with Bacterial Vaginosis among women who have sex with women: a systematic review. PLoS ONE. 2015; 10(12):e141905.
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4.
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5.
Gottschick C, Zhi-Luo D, Vital M, Clarissa M, Abels C, Pieper DH, et al. Treatment of biofilms in Bacterial Vaginosis by an amphoteric tenside pessary-clinical study and microbiota analysis. Microbiome. 2017; 5(119).
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9.
Bradshaw C, Morton AN, Hocking J, Garland SM, Morris LM, Moss LM, et al. High recurrence rates of bacterial vaginosis over the course of 12 months after oral metronidazole therapy and factors associated with recurrence. J Infect Dis. 2006; 193(11):1478-86.
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10.
Car P. Chronic vaginal discharge: causes and management O&G. 2014; 16(3).
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11.
Saxon C, Edwards A, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Owen C, Nathan B, Plamer B et al. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV national guideline for the management of vulvovaginal candidiasis (2019).[Internet]. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV: Clinical Effectiveness Group (CEG). 2019. Available from: https://www.bashhguidelines.org/media/1223/vvc-2019.pdf.
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12.
Fischer G. Coping with chronic vulvovaginal candidiasis. Medicine Today. 2014; 15(2):33-40.
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13.
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21.
Fischer G, Bradford J. The Vulva: a Practical Handbook for Clinicians. 2nd Ed. Sydney, Australia: Cambridge University Press; 2016.
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22.
Nunns D, Mandal D, Byren M, McLelland J, Rani R, Cullimore J, et al. Guidelines for the management of vulvodynia. British Journal of Dermatology. 2010;162(6):1180-5.
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23.
Lynch PJ, Moyal-Barrocco M, Bogliatto F, Micheletti L, Scurry J. ISSVD classifications of vulvar dermatoses: pathologic subsets and their clinical correlates. J Reprod Med. 2007; 52(1): 3-9.
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25.
Ampt A, Roach V, Roberts CL. Vulvoplasty in New South Wales, 2001–2013: a population-based record linkage study. Med J Aus. 2016;205(8):365-9.
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